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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*sAmarface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sack, saddle pack 2 big wooden vesselface="Times New Roman Star"1 вьючный мешок 2 большой деревянный сосуд



face="Times New Roman Star"samar 1 (Pav. C.)









face="Times New Roman Star"ampara 'налуч (колчан)' (Пек.) ?



face="Times New Roman Star"samar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"hamar 2


face="Times New Roman Star"samar 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"kc?eface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"heelface="Times New Roman Star"пятка, каблук

face="Times New Roman Star"o"kc?eface="Times New Roman Star"u"kc?a"face="Times New Roman Star"o"kc?e (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o.kc?a"face="Times New Roman Star"o"kc?a"

face="Times New Roman Star"o"kz?|e






face="Times New Roman Star"e:z?|ek
face="Times New Roman Star"o"kc?o"face="Times New Roman Star"o"ks?eface="Times New Roman Star"o"ks?eface="Times New Roman Star"u"ksa"
face="Times New Roman Star"jo"kc?a"face="Times New Roman Star"o"kc?eface="Times New Roman Star"o"ks?e

face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 520-521.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tik-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to hate, fearface="Times New Roman Star"ненавидеть, бояться

face="Times New Roman Star"tiksin-




face="Times New Roman Star"diksin-face="Times New Roman Star"tiksin-








face="Times New Roman Star"tikiren|de- 'to assault viciously'face="Times New Roman Star"tik-baqaj 'stubborn, violent', tikiren|de- id.

face="Times New Roman Star"tiklik 'tension (of relations)'




face="Times New Roman Star"Somewhat unclear voicing in Az. See Дыбо 1991.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?eknface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"part of shoulder between the neck and shoulderbladeface="Times New Roman Star"часть плеча между шеей и лопаткойface="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekin, dial. c?eg|in, c?eg|n
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin (Abush., Sangl.)


face="Times New Roman Star"c?ijinface="Times New Roman Star"c?igin


face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:nface="Times New Roman Star"s/an 'body'













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 415, VEWT 103, Дыбо 129-130, Лексика 238-239 (see there about details of phonetic reconstruction).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bakan/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 hoof 2 knucklebone 3 joints in animals' feetface="Times New Roman Star"1 копыто 2 бабка 3 суставы в ногах животныхface="Times New Roman Star"baqanaq 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"baqanaq, baqajaq 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bakanak, bakynak 1, 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"be|ke|l 2

face="Times New Roman Star"baqalc?a"q 'shinbone'
face="Times New Roman Star"bag|anag|, bag|anc?ag| 3 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"pag|ajax, maxajax 2






face="Times New Roman Star"mahnyq `metatarsus' (ФиЛ 205)face="Times New Roman Star"baqaj 3face="Times New Roman Star"baqaj 3face="Times New Roman Star"baqaj 3face="Times New Roman Star"ba"qa"l 3





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 58, EDT 316-317, ЭСТЯ 2, 43-44, Дыбо 310, Лексика 286-287.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sedre-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be rare, have wide intervals 2 gappy, rare, perforatedface="Times New Roman Star"1 быть редким, с широкими промежутками 2 редкий, дырявыйface="Times New Roman Star"sedrek 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sed|re- 1, sed|rek 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"sira"- 1 (dial.) , sira"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"sijra"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"sira"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sejra"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2



face="Times New Roman Star"sajra 2



face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"si>re- 1, si>jrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"si>jrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"hira"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"si:rek 2face="Times New Roman Star"serek 2face="Times New Roman Star"si>jrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"serex 2face="Times New Roman Star"sijrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 802, VEWT 407.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o:pur/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"rough, uneven groundface="Times New Roman Star"возвышение, неровность почвы
face="Times New Roman Star"opuz (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"obuz





face="Times New Roman Star"o:bur 'precipice'


















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 17. Cf. also Chuv. juba 'pillar' (in particular, 'grave pillar') - unlike other forms like Khak. oba:, hardly borrowed from Mong. obug|a.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o:paface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"village, clanface="Times New Roman Star"деревня, род
face="Times New Roman Star"oba (MK Oghuz)

face="Times New Roman Star"oba



face="Times New Roman Star"o:ba


















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 5, ЭСТЯ 1, 400-401.
face="Times New Roman Star"*irk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to gatherface="Times New Roman Star"собирать(ся)
face="Times New Roman Star"irk- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"irk-
face="Times New Roman Star"irk- (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"irik- (dial.)








face="Times New Roman Star"irk-il-face="Times New Roman Star"irk-







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 221, ЭСТЯ 1, 378-379.
face="Times New Roman Star"*TEk- ?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 yurt poles 2 small yurtface="Times New Roman Star"1 купольные шесты юрты и скрепляющий их обод 2 небольшая юрта









face="Times New Roman Star"tek 'pole, post (for tying horses)' (Abakan, Верб.)







face="Times New Roman Star"aq tiger 1, tegirtmek 2face="Times New Roman Star"aq tyg|yr 1







face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 502.
face="Times New Roman Star"*serc?eface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sparrowface="Times New Roman Star"воробей
face="Times New Roman Star"sec?e (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"serc?e
face="Times New Roman Star"serc?a" (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"sa"rc?a"face="Times New Roman Star"serc?e



face="Times New Roman Star"s/erz/i











face="Times New Roman Star"sic?a, siz?|a"
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 795, VEWT 412, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jint-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to search, seekface="Times New Roman Star"искать
face="Times New Roman Star"jind- (MK)







face="Times New Roman Star"nindi-





face="Times New Roman Star"c?indi-










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 946, VEWT 203.
face="Times New Roman Star"*syr/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to feel pain 2 pain, sufferingface="Times New Roman Star"1 ощущать ломоту, чувствовать боль 2 боль, ломота, страдания
face="Times New Roman Star"syzla- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"syzy- 1, syzy 2face="Times New Roman Star"sys 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"sizgi 2 (R.)



face="Times New Roman Star"syzla- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"sъrъltat- 'to feel ague' (?)



face="Times New Roman Star"syz 2face="Times New Roman Star"syz 2


face="Times New Roman Star"syzy 2



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 863, VEWT 420.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sypface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"2-year-old colt; donkey coltface="Times New Roman Star"двухгодовалый жеребенок; осленок
face="Times New Roman Star"syp (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sypa
face="Times New Roman Star"sypa (Houts.)

face="Times New Roman Star"sypface="Times New Roman Star"sypa



face="Times New Roman Star"supa














face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 783, ЭСТЯ 7. Note also Osm. (R.) syrpa id.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jo":nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 side, direction 2 to be directed towards, head towards 3 reason, method, cause 4 regular, easy 5 cheap 6 originface="Times New Roman Star"1 сторона, направление 2 направляться, поворачиваться 3 причина, способ, отношение 4 простой, правильный 5 дешевый 6 происхождениеface="Times New Roman Star"jon 3 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"jo"n 1, 3, ju"nel- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ju"n 3, 5, ju"na"l- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jo"n 1 (Бор. Бад.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo.nal- 2, z?|o.n 4 ( < Kypch. or Mong.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo"ne|l- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jo"n 1face="Times New Roman Star"jo":nel- 2








face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o"n 1, 4, 6, z?|o"no"- 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?o"n 1face="Times New Roman Star"jo"ne- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ju"n 3, 4, ju"ne|le|- 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o"ne- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jo"ne- 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?o"n 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 208, EDT 941, ЭСТЯ 4, 232-234. Tat. > Chuv. ju"n@ 'cheap' (Федотов 1, 204-205).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku:tur/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 mad, enraged 2 to become mad, rage 3 to instigate 4 instigationface="Times New Roman Star"1 сумасшедший, бешеный 2 сходить с ума, быть в бешенстве 3 подстрекать 4 подстрекательствоface="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qutuz 1, qutur- 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kuduz 1, kudur- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qotoroq 4, qotyr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qutuz 1 (Ettuhf., Бор. Бад.), qutur- 2 (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qutu(r)- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"Guduz 1, Gudur- 2face="Times New Roman Star"Guduz 1, Gu:dura- 2



face="Times New Roman Star"xъw|dъw|r 'boaster', xъw|dъw|r- 'to curse'; kъdъr- 2 ( < Tat.)face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qutyr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qutyr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qotort- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"quduz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qutyr- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 305, EDT 605, 608, ЭСТЯ 6, 103-105.
face="Times New Roman Star"*de:minface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 enough 2 immediatelyface="Times New Roman Star"1 достаточно 2 немедленно, только чтоface="Times New Roman Star"temin 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"temin (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"demin 2









face="Times New Roman Star"ti:emi 1face="Times New Roman Star"taman 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"dem 2, demin 2face="Times New Roman Star"de|:min 2




face="Times New Roman Star"demin 2face="Times New Roman Star"demin (K) 2


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 507, ЭСТЯ 3, 187-188.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dabra-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to hasten, be in a hurryface="Times New Roman Star"спешитьface="Times New Roman Star"tavra- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tavra- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"davran-






face="Times New Roman Star"tabyra-face="Times New Roman Star"tabyraq 'quickly'





face="Times New Roman Star"dy:ra-q 'quick'









face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 3, 112-114, EDT 443. Turkm. da:byra- is a result of contamination with da:bala- 'to trample' (v. sub *ta:/p`V).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tu"l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fruit, seedface="Times New Roman Star"плод, семяface="Times New Roman Star"tu"s? (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?









face="Times New Roman Star"t@w|z?@w| > Komi tus/, NW t@rz?@






face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 558-559, VEWT 507, Лексика 114, Федотов 2, 225, Егоров 249.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ir/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to drawface="Times New Roman Star"чертитьface="Times New Roman Star"c?y/iz- (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iz-face="Times New Roman Star"syz-face="Times New Roman Star"c?iz-, syz- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?iz-(mo|q)face="Times New Roman Star"siz-(maq)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iz-face="Times New Roman Star"c?yz-face="Times New Roman Star"syz-yr- 'to scrape, plane'

face="Times New Roman Star"c?i/yz-face="Times New Roman Star"c?@r- 'to draw, scrape, tear'



face="Times New Roman Star"c?yz-, syz-face="Times New Roman Star"syz-face="Times New Roman Star"syz-face="Times New Roman Star"hyd|-face="Times New Roman Star"syz-face="Times New Roman Star"c?iz-face="Times New Roman Star"cyz-, c?yz-face="Times New Roman Star"syz-
face="Times New Roman Star"syz-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 112, EDT 432, Егоров 323, Федотов 2, 413-414. The variant *syr/- is probably due to assimilation.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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